Keyboard

A keyboard is an input device that allows you to enter commands and / or data to a computer or digital device. The keyboard is connected to the computer via a serial port or USB. Basically, the keyboard is composed by a group of keys, similar to those of a typewriter, each corresponding to one or more key characters, functions or commands.

Pressing any key closes a switch that is inside the keyboard, this makes circuits encoders generate code E / S corresponding to the selected character, appearing on the screen if it is not a control character.
The term refers to numeric keypad keys set of numbers on the right side of some keyboards (not the numbers on the top row of letters). The keypads also refer to the numbers (and the corresponding letters) in mobile phones.

KEYBOARD FEATURES
Keyboards can have certain characteristics depending on the type of keyboard, as follows:
Wireless keypads that do not use cable to connect with the computer but using infrared or radio frequency.
Ergonomic keyboards, adapted to human physiology.
Keyboards with special functions, these depend on the manufacturer. May include additional keys to open the browser, control the volume of the PC, open the player, etc. They may also include a touchpad.

KEYPAD MODELS
Some keyboard models are:
XT Keyboard: 83 keys, with processor included in the keyboard. Without use today.
AT Keyboard: 83 keys, the processor is on the motherboard.
Expanded or improved Keyboard: 102 keys. 102 keys in the American version. More recently is 105 keys.
Types of connectors that use a keyboard
The keyboard connector types most common are:
5-pin DIN and 180.
MiniDIN.
USB.

Mouse

The mouse or mouse is a small device that allows point and get information. Is called mouse because of its appearance. A regular mouse is dragged over a flat surface (desk or table) the move made by the mouse is reflected in the monitor by an arrow mouse pointer call. The action of pressing and releasing a button called search.

MOUSE types or models
Several types of mice (mise):

1. Mechanical mice.
Mechanical mice consist of a ball placed on its bottom for two wheels move generate pulses in response to movement on the surface thereof. The ball, moving the mouse, touches a wheel-shaped contacts that indicate the movement of the cursor on the screen of the computer system.
The internal circuitry counts the pulses generated by the wheel and sends the information to the computer, which processed and interpreted by software.

2. Optical mice.
Optical mice have a small laser beam instead of the rolling ball mechanics. An optical sensor located within the body of the mouse detects movement of the reflex to move the mouse over the mirror and the position of the cursor on the computer screen.
An optical mice limitation is to be placed on a surface that reflects the light beam. Therefore, manufacturers usually ship with a small mirror shaped template.
Optical mice avoid the common problem of the accumulation of dirt on the drive shaft, and its optical characteristics are less likely to suffer a disadvantage similar. It is considered one of the most modern and practical today. It can provide a maximum of 800 dpi, as many different points that can recognize by 2.54 centimeters (one inch) to perform worse fewest motion sensor. Its operation is based on an optical sensor photographing the surface on which it is and detecting variations between successive pictures, determine if the mouse has changed its position. In polished surfaces or on certain materials, the optical mouse because twitch on the screen, so it is necessary to use a mat.

3. Laser mice.
This type is more sensitive and precise, making it advisable especially for graphic designers and video game fans. It also detects the sliding movement on a horizontal surface, but the light beam optics technology is replaced by a laser (invisible to the human eye) with resolutions from 2000 dpi, resulting in a significant increase in the accuracy and sensitivity .

3. Mice Trackball.
The concept of a trackball is a novel idea that part of the act: to move the pointer, not the device, so it is adapted to make a ball, so that when you put your hand can move up through the thumb , without having to move around the entire hand or as before. Thereby reducing the effort and the need of space, in addition to avoiding a possible pain forearm by this movement. Some people, however, will not be really comfortable finish. This guy has been very useful for example in the computerization of shipping.

Monitor

A monitor is a computer output device also called as display because shows the user the results of the processing of a computer via an interface. The computer monitor or computer screen, although it is common to call "screen", is an output device that, through an interface, shows the results of a computer processing as images.

Computer Case

The cabinet of a computer or computer case, is one of the most important elements of the PC, since its main task is to stay inside and keep the various devices that comprise it. I say that is important, because it holds the components (Hardware) of any computer.

From other hand as example, we like a ITX enclosure type, can not be used in a Mini ATX motherboard due to three major factors, size, heat dissipation and consumption that provides necessary components to work well. These parameters must be taken into account provided for any motherboard we want to enclose in a cabinet.


The cabinet of a PC is a piece in which construction materials are used as plastic and metals such as aluminum and steel, and is basically ready to place a box inside all the components that make up a PC,  hard drives, optical drives, motherboards, processors, memory, video cards and audio and others, and is differentiated by its size and the type of computer that is intended.

Motherboard

The motherboard is the most important component of a computer, since it will integrate and coordinate all the other elements that allow it to function properly. Thus, a motherboard that behaves like device which operates as the platform or main circuit of a computer.

The tremendous importance that a motherboard is that, inside, is home to all connectors needed to shelter other computer cards. Thus, a motherboard has connectors on the processor, RAM, BIOS, as well as, doors and gates in series parallel. In this important board is also possible to find the connectors that allow memory expansion, and controls that manage the smooth running of the so-called basic peripherals, such as the screen, keyboard and hard drive.

Once the motherboard is equipped with this large amount of elements that have been mentioned, it is called "Chipset" or set of processors. On Apple computers this card is called "logic board" or just mobo.

The motherboard is also called "Central Board" of the computer, and as already mentioned, it can find all connectors that enable connection to other microprocessors, which allow you to perform tasks much more specific. Thus, when a computer starts a process of data, there are multiple parties that operate different tasks, each performing a part of the process. However, the more important the connection is achieved between the core processor, also known as the CPU (this is often confused with the motherboard, but the CPU is connected to it), and the other processors.

When choosing the motherboard for use in your computer is very important to take into account the recommendations of the manufacturer it has done in the operating instructions, since the motherboard installed with features not compatible with the manufacturer's requirements makes these devices, which generally have no failures after prolonged use, fail unexpectedly.

Memory Ram

What is RAM?
The RAM is one of the most important elements of your computer. Its scarcity can make even the fastest processor look like a turtle.

RAM stands for Read Access Memory. This is used by the PC to store the programs that are running at any given time and the data you work with. On a computer with more RAM can run more programs simultaneously or work with more data.

The memory of a PC is composed of several elements that are nested, which is why sometimes you read the term "memory system". On the hard drive, the data is stored and when you turn off the computer programs. In the RAM, to be much faster, staying profits when you're running. Within the processor, you have multiple levels of cache and finally micro records themselves. The closer this memory chip is faster but more expensive unfortunately.

The amount of RAM is very important as this defining which applications can be run simultaneously. Operating systems, when they run out of RAM used to get the hard drive run more applications simultaneously. When this occurs the system slows down because the hard drive is thousands of times slower than RAM.

How to measure?

In GB or gigabytes. A Gigabyte contains 1024 Megabytes and these in turn are 1024 Kilobytes. Simplifying, in 1 GB can store 1 movie, 200 MP3 music files, or about 5000 photos.

How much do you need?

The more RAM a computer will run more smoothly and without interruptions. In any case if you use large amounts of data or need your computer does not suffer blockages it is best to have at least 4 GB of RAM and a 64-bit operating system.

For a computer that only go to navigate and use office programs 2 GB should be more than enough. For professional games or more 6 GB or more with no upper limit beyond your budget and what can withstand your motherboard.

What types are there?

In today's market you have DDR2 and DDR3. You can see about the differences between DDR2 and DDR3 above.  In any case the most important feature is its capacity memory, the speed being in a second plane.

Hard Disk Drive

What's a Hard Disk Drive?

The hard drive is the device that stores programs and computer files permanently. You can not forget anything while not receiving power. Other memories from your computer, such as RAM, which is used to run the programs, you need to keep current the information.

How is it organized?

The organization of a hard disk is the responsibility of the operating system. This is responsible for providing service and support to other programs.

Most systems use the concept of file,  a file can be for example a song, a photo or a program. These files can organize them in folders, which in turn may contain other subfolders.

What distinguishes them from each other?

The most important feature of a hard drive is its storage capacity. This is usually measured in Gigabytes. A greater number of them, as many songs, movies, documents, and programs may contain.

Another point to consider is its transfer rate. This defines how long it will access the data you have stored. You can find more information on hard drive specifications.

What types are there?

According to its internal technology

Magnetic. They have several hard drives that are magnetized. These disks spin and a head is responsible for reading the information. It works very similar to the turntable. From here comes the hard concept.

Solid state. Also known as SSD. In this case rotating discs are used not only transistor arrays. Each transistor is responsible for saving a unit of information. There are no moving parts, making access to information more quickly, are more resistant to shock, consume less, do not make noise. His only problem is that they are much more expensive.

According to its interface

The interface is the type of connector used to connect to other devices. The most commonly used in today's computers are IDE and SATA.

IDE is old technology and is the standard SATA which can give you more speed.

Depending on their position

Internal. As its name suggests are inside the PC case.

External. They connect to the PC via a USB or external SATA. Are slower and are used to store information to not use continuously.

What disk do I need?

Like almost everything depends on the use you are going to give and the budget you have available. For a normal user the important thing is not so much the size and type of hard drive. But for a professional user, especially for someone who makes video processing, do not hesitate, and buy an SSD.

What capacity do I need?

It is similar to what happens with the RAM, the more you have the better. No matter what you buy in a few years you'll have completely filled.